Motor-operated shear



Aug. 15, 1933. Q B R MOTOR OPERATED SHEAR FileQ June 25. 1930 A TTORNEY.

Patented Aug. 15, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE MOTOR-OPERATED SHEARCharles B. Gray, Mlllbourne, Pa. Application June 25, 1930. Serial No.463,613

' 1 Claim.

My invention relates to a shear, more particularly of the portablemotor-operated type, and it has for an object to provide apparatus ofthis character which is compact and rugged, whose mechanism is simple inprinciple and design,

fixed blade or cutter carried by a guide and holder construction whichnot only guides the movable blade and holds the fixed blade in correctrelative position but it is constructed and arranged to permit thepassage over and under the deflector and fixed blade holding portionthereof of sheared material. The guide and holder construction issecured to the frame and the blade holding and deflecting portionthereof extends rearwardly, laterally, forwardly and. downwardly so asto provide a fixed blade seat situated to properly locate the fixedblade relatively to the movable blade to permit of the entrance ofmaterial and the passage of sheared material thereby. Since the guideand holder construction has a movable blade guide portion formed as arelatively small neck where it joins the deflector and fixed bladecarrier, the cutting region of the cooperating blades may be readilyturned with respect to material in order to make cuts of very smallradii. Hence, a further object of my invention is 'to provide a shearhaving these operating features and advantages.

A further object of my invention is to provide a shear having bladesarranged substantially at right angles.

A further object of myinvention is to provide a shear having a movableblade carried by a guide to the lower end of which is connected a spiraldeflector and fixed blade carrier, shearedmaterial passing over andunder the spiral deflector.

These and other objects are-effected by my invention as will be apparentfrom the following description and claim taken in connection with theaccompanying drawing in which:

Fig. 1 is a view partly in side elevation and partly in section showingmy improved shear;

Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the right hand end ofFig.1; F

Fig. 3 is a detail view of guide features;

Figs. 4 and 5 are detail views of the eccentric shoe or block;

Figs. 6 and 7 are detail views of the reciprocatory member; 7

Figs. 8, 9, and 10 are detail views of the fixed blade;

Figs. 11, 12, and 13 are detail views showing a modified form of guideand deflector construction;

Fig. 14 is a detail view. showing a modified form of blade connection; I

Fig. 15 is a diagrammatic view showing the right angular relationship ofthe fixed and movable blades;

Fig. 16 is a sectional view taken along the line XVI-XVI of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 17 is a. sectional view showing the construction of the guidepermitting of short radius turning.

Referring to the drawing now more in detail, I show a housing 10containing a motor and the housing has a handle 11 connected thereto.The motor shaft 12' is connected by meshing speed reducing gears 13 and14 to the power shaft 15 carried by bearings 16 on the supporting framestructure 17.

The power shaft 15 has an eccentric 18 fitting an opening 19 in theblock or shoe 20, the latter fitting the transverse groove or guideway23 provided in the reciprocatory member 24 guided to move in a directionat right angles to the guideway 23.

The reciprocatory member 24 is arranged to cause reciprocation of themovable blade 26 having a shearing edge 27 cooperating with the shearingedge 28 of the fixed blade 29, the blade .29 being preferably arrangedat right angles to the passage of one sheared portion of materialthereabove and the other below and permitting of the tool being turnedthrough a short radius .in either direction.

. movement normally of the axis of the power shaft 15 by the guidesurface 36 provided on the frame 1 and the guide surfaces 3'7 on theplates 38 secured to the frame by screws 39.

Preferably the lower abutment surface 32 of the block or shoe 20 isguided by the lower abutment surface 34 on the reciprocatory member 24,the upper abutment surface 33 of the latter being on an adjusting screw41 in order that the surfaces 32 and 34 may slide relatively withoutplay or looseness.

The reciprocatory member 24 has lateral guide portions 42 overlapped bythe plates 38, the tongue-likeportion 43 of the member 24 being arrangedbetween the edges 44 of the plates 38. Guide blocks 45 cooperate withthe guide portions 43 to restrict the reciprocatory member 24 torectilinear movement, the blocks being clamped by the plates 38 and thescrews 46 passing through opening 47 in the blocks somewhat larger thanthe screws and the blocks being adjusted upward by the screws 48.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the reclprocatory member or ram 24 hasconnected thereto, by a pin 49, a hammer 50 which depends into theguideway 51 for the movable blade 28, the blade being moved through itscutting stroke bythe hammer or impact member and being retracted by aspring 52. Sharpening of the blade 26 results in shortening thereof andfor this reason filler pieces 53 of suitable thickness are preferablyinserted between the hammer or impact member 50 and the upper end of theblade 26 to keep the cutting edge 2'7 thereof properly positionedrelatively to the cutting edge 28 of the fixed blade 29.

Asshown in Fig. 14, the blade 26a may be connected to the hammer orimpact member 50a by a threaded connection 54, in which case the spring52 would be unnecessary. The threaded connection 54 assures ofreciprocation of the blade 26a and for adjustment thereof.

Both the fixed blade 29 and the movable blade 26 are carried by aunitary or integral blade supporting and guiding structure 55 having abody portion 56 secured to the frame extension 5'7 by bolts or screws58, the body portion having the guideway 51 for the movable blade andbeing connected or joined at its lower end to the deflector and fixedblade holder 30. The deflector and holder 30 has upper and lowersurfaces 59 and 60 which deflect sheared edges above and below.Preferably the holder and deflector 30 is in the form of a spiral joinedto the lower end of the body portion 56, this shape providing theaforesaid backward, outward, forward, and downward extension. With thedeflector and fixed blade support 30 connected to the body portion 56 inthis way, the body portion permits of short radius turns, the bodyportion restricting the sharpness of turning in one direction andoffering no interference in the other direction. Interference by thebody portion 56 to sharpness of turning in one direction may be reducedby relieving or recessing the body portion as shown at 61 to provide aneck of small cross-sectional area (Fig. 1'7) and a surface 62 which isa continuation of the upper surface 59. Referring to the blank 63 shownin dot and dash lines in Fig. 1, the upper sheared edge 64 passes overthe upper surface 59 0f the deflector 30 and the lower sheared edge 65passes beneath the lower surface 60. If the tool is turned sharplyto,the left, the edge 64 contacts with the recess bottom, this limitingthe smallness of radius of turning and cutting. There is no restrictionin the other direction.

As the cutting edges of, the blades diverge forwardly to provideentrance space for material, the

cutting region of the blades is disposed adjacent to the rear edges ofthe latter; and, as one end of the recess 61 is located quite close tothe cutting region, it will be apparent that the recess is effective toreduce interference by the body member 56 with material when making acurved cut in one direction, there being no interference in the otherdirection.

The spiral element 30 is integral with the body member 56 and springsrearwardly from the lower end of the latter, this construction providingfor element close to the cutting edges, with the result that anytendency to spreading due to shearing forces is effectively resisted.The spiral element converges from the outer edge to the inner edge, andthis, taken with location of the inner edge closely adjacent to the rearof the cutting region, assures passage of cut portions of material overand under the spiral element with no interference.

The forward portion of the spiral element 30 is provided with achannelseat 66 opening through its upper surface, the fixed blade fitting theseat and having its upper surface flush with the upper surface of theforward portion, whereby the fixed blade does not interfere with thepassage of material over the spiral element. The fixed blade is securedin place in the seat by means providing for longitudinal adjustment sothat its cutting edge may be brought into proper relation with respectto the cutting edge of the movable blade.

A diverging entrance space for material is provided not only by thearrangement of cutting edges as heretofore described but also by thestructure of the spiral element 30 and the body member 56. To this end,the upper surface of the forward portion of the spiral element divergesforwardly with respect to the under surface. of the body member and theportion of the spiral element adjacent thereto.

Drag or resistance to relative movement of the shear and material beingcut is minimized by limiting contact of the material with the spiralelement. The upper surface of the forward portion of the spiral elementis inclined outwardly and downwardly at one side of" the cutting regionand the under surface of the body member and the spiral element at theother side of the cutting region is inclined upwardly and outwardly,with the result that said surfaces contact with cut portions of materialleaving the cutting region only to the extent necessary for the requireddeflection to obtain proper operation.

The holder and deflector 30 is provided with a dovetail seat 66 for theblade 29, the latter being dovetailed in cross section. One side of theseat 66 is formed on the adjustable block 66a held in place by a screw6'7. This structure permits of adjustment of the fixed blade 29 and ofholding thereof in position of adjustment.

The guideway 51 is preferably provided with means for securing a snugsliding fit of the movable blade 26. To this end, an adjusting strip 68is arranged in the guideway 51 at one side of the blade 26 and a strip70 fits against the back of the blade. Screws 69 and '71 are carried bythe body portion and serve to adjust the strips 68 and 70, respectively.The front face of the blade 26 bears against the cover plate '12connected to thebody portion 56 bythe screws 72a and having a slot 73for the spring 52.

In Figs. 11, 12, and 1a, 1 show ,a lighter and shorter form of deflectorand fixed blade holder blade, that the latter is not wedged apart by theshearing action, and that the right angular relationship of the bladespermits ofadjustment thereof to get they correct relative positions ofthe shearing edges without the use of shims and the like. Allreciprocating parts slide without looseness or play, this result beingeffected by the blocks 45 cooperating the member 24 and the strips 68and '70 cooperating with the moving blade 26. While I show a built-upstructure for guiding the member 24 and the blade 26 and for holding theblade 29, such structure being connected to the frame 17, if desired, anintegral guide and holding structure may be provided and connected tothe frame. I

While I have shown my invention in two forms, it will be obvious tothose skilled in the art that it is not so limited, but is susceptibleof various other changes and modifications without departing from thespirit thereof, and I desire, therefore, that only such limitationsshall be placed thereupon as are imposed by the prior art or as arespecifically set forth in the appended claim.

What I claim is:

In a motor-operated portable hand shear, a body member provided with aguideway opening through a side surface thereof, a spiral elementintegral with and springing rearwardly from the lower end of the bodymember and having the inside edge of its forward portion extendingclosely adjacent to the plane of said side surface, said spiral element,for at least the major portion of its length, tapering in cross sectionfrom the outer edge to the inner edge thereof and the upper surface 'ofthe forward portion being inclined downwardly and forwardly with respectto the guideway and also being inclined downwardly and laterally fromsaid. side surface and the guideway, a' channel seat provided at theupper side of said forward portion and extending transversely of theguideway, a fixed blade fitting the seat and having its upper surfaceflush with the upper surface of the spiral element, said fixed bladehaving a cutting edge at its inner end and at its upper surface, areciprocatory blade fitting the guideway and having its lowerendbevelled to provide a cutting edge at the surface thereof adjacent tothe fixed blade, the fixed blade, due to the inclination of the uppersurface of said forward portion, being inclined forwardly and downwardlywith respect to the reciprocatory blade and the'bevelled edge of thereciprocatory blade being inclined forwardly and upwardly with respectto the fixed blade to provide the putting region of the blades adjacentto the rear side edges thereof, the bottom face of the body member andat least the portion of the spiral element adjacent thereto and the topface of said forward portion diverging forwardly from the rearmostportion of the inside edge of the spiral element disposed closelyadjacent to said cutting region to define, with the forwardly divergentspace between the blade cutting edges, an entrance space for material tobe out, said body member having a recess extending at least part waytherearound and adjacent to the spiral element with one end of therecess disposed closely adjacent to the cutting region of the blades,whereby short radius cuts may be made in either direction, the uppersurface of the spiral element at the fixed blade side of the cuttingregion being inclined outwardly and downwardly and the under surface ofthe spiral element and the body member at the other side of the cuttingregion being inclined outwardly and upwardly, whereby contact with asheet being cut is reduced in order to minimize drag, means cooperatingwith the body member to retain the reciprocatory blade in the guideway,means cooperating with the end of the reciprocatory blade remote fromthe cutting end for reciprocating it, and means for retaining the fixedblade in place with respect to the seat and providing for adjustmentthereof relatively to the reciprocatory blade.

CHARLES B. GRAY.

